Opiran

Opium Tincture: A Natural Analgesic Solution

Opium tincture is a clear, reddish-brown hydroalcoholic solution used for oral administration. It is freed from unpleasant odors and nauseating substances through a process called “denarcotization” with a petroleum distillate. Each 100 mL of opium tincture contains 1 g of anhydrous morphine, which is equivalent to 10 g of powdered opium.

Description

Opium tincture is a traditional remedy known for its potent analgesic properties. It is particularly effective in controlling diarrhea and alleviating pain. The solution has a characteristic odor and a bitter taste. The opiates in opium tincture work by enhancing the tone in the long segments of longitudinal muscle and inhibiting the propulsive contraction of both circular and longitudinal muscles.

Clinical Pharmacology

The analgesic activity of opium preparations is primarily due to their morphine content. Morphine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration but is rapidly metabolized, resulting in lower plasma levels compared to parenteral administration. It is metabolized in the liver, primarily through conjugation with glucuronic acid at the 3-hydroxyl group, and excreted mainly as morphine-3-glucuronide in the urine.

Indications and Usage

Opium tincture is indicated for the treatment of severe diarrhea and pain management. However, it is not recommended for use in children and should not be used in diarrhea caused by poisoning until the toxic material is eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract.

Contraindications

• Children: Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
• Pregnancy: Use during pregnancy is category C, and it should be given only if clearly needed.
• Nursing Mothers: Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing women.

Adverse Reactions/Side Effects

Common side effects include constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Pruritus and urticaria have also been observed.

Drug Abuse and Dependence

Opium tincture is a Schedule II controlled substance. It has the potential for abuse and dependence. Initial management of opioid overdose should emphasize establishing a secure airway and supporting ventilation and perfusion. Naloxone can be used to antagonize most effects of opioids, but repeated doses may be needed due to its shorter duration of action compared to opioids.

Storage and Handling

Opium tincture should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. It is essential to follow the instructions for use and handling carefully to ensure safety and efficacy.

By understanding the properties and uses of opium tincture, you can make informed decisions about its application in your healthcare needs. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using this medication.